Motor Contactors and Circuit Breakers

For this section, quite a lot of the items will be explained

Motor Starter
 

Control
- Manual: used when the starter motor is operated manually (on, off, done directly on the starter)
- Auto: used when necessary on, off can be done from somewhere else (remote control) and usually a separate starter motor fitted with a control panel (operation panel).

Association

1. Components: control functions, short circuit protection, overload protection and isolation into a single component (integrated).
2. Components: the control function carried out by contactors and other functions carried out by GV motor circuit breaker.
3. Component: control functions performed by the contactor, and overload protection function performed by a safety relay overload, while the short-circuit protection function and isolation with GV motor circuit breaker or circuit breaker type of MA.

Zelio Smart Relay

Zelio is a smart relay.

The purpose of creation of the Smart Relay :

1. To replace the logic and relay control circuit construction which is a direct installation.

2. With smart relay control circuit is built in software.

3. Smart Relay is designed for installation and maintenance of industrial electrical technicians who do not have to have a high electronics skills.

Advantage Smart Relay:

1. Very easy to implement and faster project implementation time.

2. Is flexible and very reliable.

3.Easy to modify (with software).

4. More economical than PLC for simple applications.

5. Require a shorter training time.

Soft Start and Inverter

With the Altivar inverter, induction motor can be adjusted in a wide range. Many applications not only require a wide range of rotation but also the stability of rotation of the desired reference value. To answer this need, it must be installed a control system.

Induction motor consists of two main parts, namely the stator and rotor. Stator is the part that does not move, consisting of layers of metal with grooves containing the coil-coil. Coil-coil is connected to 3 phase power source, to obtain a rotating magnetic field. The speed of rotating magnetic field depends on

number of stator poles and the frequency resources. This speed is called the synchronous speed, which is determined by the formula :

  Ns = 120 f
P

With Ns is the synchronous speed (rpm), f is frequency resources (Hz), and P is the number of stator poles.
 
The inverter is a device that can be used to convert the 3 phase power source into DC voltage which is then converted back to 3 phase power source with the appropriate frequency. This method can be used because it is known that induction motor synchronous speed is proportional to the frequency of its resources.

PLN has the resources of a constant frequency, which is 50 Hz. One effective way to produce a voltage with a frequency that can be regulated is by way of their own raises. For that we need a DC power source. This resource is derived from PLN's resources are rectified by the rectifier. Furthermore, these resources are filtered with filter DC to get DC power source that is more flat. Then through a series of switches (referred to as a bridge inverter) that can be controlled in such a way, those resources can be converted into 3 phase power source at the end of the load. By way of controlling the switching time of these switches using PWM signals (Pulse Width Modulation).

By using the inverter, it will be many technical advantages obtained when compared with other ways. Some benefits include: having a wider range of speeds, has some pattern to the relationship of voltage and frequency, has a facility designation meters, has a slope of acceleration and deceleration that can be set independently, compact, and more secure system.

Dialogue Human - Machine

Which includes the category of tools that serve as media dialogue human with the tools / plant among others :

- Key Illumination
- Lamp Indications (Pilot Light)
- Push Button (Push Button)
- Selector (Selector Switch)
- Selector key (Key Selector)
- Cam Switches
- Switch Voltmeter (Voltmeter Cam Switch)
- Ammeter Switches (Cam Switch Ammeter)
- Switch Off-On
- Transfer Switches (Change Over Switch Cam)
- Switches multistep (multistep Cam Switch)
- Joystick
- Control Panel (Control Station)
- Beacon Tower Light and Illumination Segment
- Indicator Bank Diameter
- Trip Wire & Foot Switches
- Pendant

Detector and Sensor

- TYPE DETECTOR

In general, the detector is divided into 2 types :
- Detection by direct contact (touching the objects to be detected)
- Detection with no direct contact (no contact with the object to be detected)

Detector is included in the type DETECTION BY DIRECT CONTACT:
- Limit Switch
- Pressure Switch

Detector is included in the type DETECTION WITH NO CONTACT DIRECTLY:
- Photoelectric
- Proximity
- Ultrasonic

Limit Switch
Work based on the change in position of the actuator (Part in contact with the object being detected) that move the block contacts within the limit switches. Selection of type of actuator is adapted to the application, size, type and shape of the object to be detected.

Pressure Switch
Is a tool to maintain pressure at a certain limit (between PH boundary, with the lower limit PB). When the pressure reaches the value of PH (hence the switch will change state from On to Off) and if the pressure decreases and reaches the value of PB (the switch will change state from Off to On). The difference between the PH and PB is called Differential. There are 2 types of Pressure Switch :